Nathan Kahl

Unlocking privacy with encrypted ingenuity: Security expert receives NSF CAREER award

Nathan Kahl — Mon, 27 Jan 2025 17:32:18 +0000

Unlocking privacy with encrypted ingenuity: Security expert receives NSF CAREER award Nathan Kahl Mon, 01/27/2025 - 12:32

In This Story

Evgenios Kornaropoulos

Evgenios Kornaropoulos, an assistant professor in ��AV’s Computer Science Department, focuses on computer security and applied cryptography, where he stays ahead of changes in the field. "The needs of everyday users have grown, and our technology's privacy expectations must advance accordingly,” he said. “We've moved beyond simply communicating sensitive data securely; now, we need technology capable of performing computations on sensitive data without compromising privacy.”

Evgenios Kornaropoulos. Photo provided

He recently received a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER award for $648,811 for his work on privacy and data security under the title “Encrypted Systems with Fine-Grained Leakage.”

The tension between the privacy of sensitive data and the functionality that users demand from their data is the focus of the NSF CAREER funding, and it has been among Kornaropoulos’ research areas for several years. He said, “The new technology that we are developing allows the user to never expose any information in the clear to the cloud while maintaining functionality. You want the cloud to do interesting computations for you without decrypting your information. If you don't decrypt, the cloud never gets to see what you are processing.”

When users store sensitive information, such as health records or financial data, with common cloud-based providers, the provider gains full access to the document's contents—essentially exposing the data in plain text to the cloud. A potential remedy is to encrypt the data before uploading it. However, this approach comes with a drawback: whenever users need to access or compute something from the encrypted data, they must download all the scrambled files locally and perform the computations on their own devices.

So how can the user still process the information but know that the cloud didn’t learn anything? “We believe that the answer is the notion of ‘cryptographic leakage’, he said. “The cloud provider still sees some accesses on encrypted data, that is, the leakage, but these observations are confusing. Our designs scale to today’s needs and come with provable guarantees that these observations cannot be meaningfully stitched together by the cloud provider to infer the sensitive data.”

Kornaropoulos said, “Searching on encrypted data is one of the biggest functionalities and we have a research thrust in which we will collaborate with industry leaders and local organizations on this problem. Specifically, we have an active collaboration with the Mason and Partners Clinics (interprofessional clinics which serve the uninsured and refugee community within Prince William and Fairfax counties in Northern Virginia) to explore the application scenarios of our technology to that setting.”

"Privacy-preserving data storage and data use is an important problem in computer security that is of critical interest to organizations that must trust their sensitive data to third-party data storage facilities," said Computer Science department chair David Rosenblum. "Evgenios is an internationally renowned leader in addressing this problem, and his NSF CAREER award will afford him the opportunity to explore novel solutions that balance strong security guarantees against practical needs for efficiency."

The NSF CAREER award is reserved for the nation’s most talented up-and-coming researchers. From the NSF website: “The Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program offers NSF’s most prestigious award in support of early-career faculty who have the potential to serve as academic role models in research and education and to lead advances in the mission of their department or organization.”

The award is the most-recent of several distinctions Kornaropoulos has earned. He was elevated to IEEE Senior Member in 2024, his paper was among the finalists for the “Best Cryptographic Attack” category at Pwnie Awards 2024, and his latest work at the intersection of AI and security has gained significant media attention.

Topics

National Science Foundation

Mason and Partners (MAP)

Advancing sensor tech for foggy situations

Nathan Kahl — Mon, 13 Jan 2025 13:15:50 +0000

Advancing sensor tech for foggy situations Nathan Kahl Mon, 01/13/2025 - 08:15

Devices that rely on sensors to accurately navigate and perceive the world around them are more and more commonplace, from drones to autonomous vehicles to ground robots on rescue missions. Parth Pathak, an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at ��AV, is working to ensure the sensors have 20/20 vision.

From left, Rezoan Ahmed Nazib, Parth Pathak, and Ahmad Kamari with a rescue robot that can "see" through smoke and fog. Photo provided

Pathak received $660K in funding from the Army Research Office (ARO) for this work, some of which is done in collaboration with colleagues at the University of California, Davis, where he did his post-doc.

“Conventional sensors rely on cameras or LiDAR (light detection and ranging) to pursue objects around them, but they don't work very well when there's smoke, fog, or generally a visually degraded environment,” said Pathak. “But the mmwave wireless radar sensors that we are working on don't get affected by that. If there is dirt on the sensor, well, that's okay. They can see through things and see around things."

Imagine a rescue robot going into a building filled with smoke, trying to navigate with little to no visibility, Pathak said. "These wireless sensors can enable them to perceive the environment and even self-localize without cameras, LiDARs, or other positioning systems.”

Another positive aspect of the devices is that while they can sense…they don’t sense too much, which is important for privacy concerns. The disadvantage, of course, is that when a sensor depicts an object such as a car, the resolution is not particularly good, and the images are “noisy.” Pathak is not just improving navigation and perception, but using multiple robots, for example, cooperatively. In a rescue mission, a swarm of robots can share their data, allowing them to collectively “see” a better picture.

Photo provided

“They can self-localize based on what they see, like how our brains work. But the robots only have wireless sensors to rely on, so part of the work is developing very good signatures of what they see from these very low resolution and noisy images,” said Pathak. “We can build 3D models of a room by scanning it through the wireless sensors and using machine learning to capture and recreate every minute detail. This is something that these sensors were never designed for. We are developing custom-tailored deep learning models of wireless sensing, essentially pushing the limits of what they can perceive using wireless signals.”

In addition to the research, ARO’s funding also supports testbed-to-prototype development and solution evaluation.

Pathak and colleagues published this research at the Association for Computing Machinery’s ACM Mobicom conference and have submitted it to other conferences for potential publication. Two PhD students from his team, Ahmed Kamari and Rezoan Ahmed Nazib, are working actively on the project, along with three high school students who participated in prototyping over the summer as part of George Mason's Aspiring Scientists Summer Internship Program.

Connect with Computer Science at ��AV

In This Story

Parth Pathak

Topics

Tech Talent Investment Program (TTIP)

Aspiring Scientists Summer Internship Program (ASSIP)

Artificial Intelligence

George Mason joins elite defense research network

Martha Bushong — Sun, 15 Dec 2024 14:25:04 +0000

George Mason joins elite defense research network Martha Bushong Sun, 12/15/2024 - 09:25

In This Story

Art Pyster

Learn More About SERC

The Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) and the Acquisition Innovation Research Center (AIRC) recently added ��AV as a member. Both managed by Stevens Institute of Technology, SERC and AIRC leverage the research and expertise of more than 25 universities nationwide.

The SERC and AIRC are two of more than a dozen University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs), which are sponsored by the Department of Defense (DoD). Art Pyster, associate dean for research for the College of Engineering and Computing (CEC), has a long history with SERC. He served as the proposal manager at Stevens when that institution won the initial designation in 2008 and subsequently served as Deputy Executive Director and Chief Operating Officer until 2016 when he joined George Mason. “We now have a full seat at the table, participating in meetings with DoD sponsors and helping to set the SERC/AIRC agenda.”

According to Mike Bunting, assistant dean for research in CEC, “Each UARC, composed of one or more universities, has a long-term strategic relationship with the DoD in a specific research area.” Bunting added the structure facilitates collaboration, and the UARC contract mechanism allows for an “easy button” to perform research for the DoD.

Most UARCs are just a single university. The SERC formed in 2008, and AIRC, formed in 2020, are different because they are university consortia. Now that George Mason is a full member, it can receive unlimited tasking from the government and collaborate with other SERC/AIRC members on their research and other activities.

“It's about having a set of resources that the government can rely upon from a trusted agent,” Bunting added. “As an R1 university, George Mason has hundreds of faculty, staff, and students who conduct research in areas of interest to the DoD. George Mason teams can propose and lead new research tasks and be part of joint projects with other members of the SERC/AIRC consortia.”

Stevens recently renewed the SERC/AIRC contract for five years, at which point they were able to add new members, including George Mason. John Shortle, chair of the Systems Engineering and Operations Research Department (SEOR), and Jerry McGinn, executive director of the Greg and Camille Baroni Center in the Costello College of Business, were instrumental in adding George Mason.

Topics

U.S. Department of Defense

Research

Defense and Security

College of Engineering and Computing

From punts to proof: George Mason adjunct helped solve the NFL’s “4th-down problem”

Nathan Kahl — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 14:13:37 +0000

From punts to proof: George Mason adjunct helped solve the NFL’s “4th-down problem” Nathan Kahl Fri, 12/13/2024 - 09:13

4th Down Bot

The New York Times' Fourth Down Bot is based on Burke's models

Read Burke's reflection

��AV alumnus Brian Burke’s career path, from fighter pilot to ESPN data analyst, demonstrates that whether it’s a 4th-and-inches decision or a career pivot into analytics, calculated risks can pay off.

Brian Burke. Photo by Evan Cantwell/Office of University Branding

In 2009, the NFL’s two best teams—the New England Patriots and Indianapolis Colts—faced off in a pivotal showdown. Late in the game, acclaimed football genius and Patriots coach Bill Belichick attempted to get a first down on a fourth-down play deep in Pats’ territory. Converting would win the game for the Patriots, but a failure would give the ball to the Colts in prime field position. When the Colts stopped Tom Brady’s completion inches short of the first-down marker, Peyton Manning took the field and easily won the game for the Colts.

At the time, many considered the decision a huge blunder, given the conservative, risk-averse culture among NFL coaches, who usually choose the “safe” option of punting the ball on fourth down. But today’s coaches are more likely to be aggressive in these situations, supported by an emerging focus on analytics and a column written at the time by Burke, now a Systems Engineering and Operations Research (SEOR) adjunct faculty member.

He turned a hobby of analyzing sports data into something of a big deal, founding Advanced Football Analytics in 2006, where he published his findings, in addition to consulting with NFL teams; the New York Times would sometimes print his writing and analysis. A column on Belichick’s decision turned him into an overnight stats celebrity.

“I did the math and estimated that the decision to go for it increased the Patriots’ chance to win the game by 9 percentage points. I wrote up a short article for the Times saying it was the right thing to do, and didn't realize it was going to be controversial,” said Burke, who completed a master's degree in operations research at George Mason in 2015. “The Times cross posted to my website and when I woke up the next morning my phone was blowing up.”

The data shows that NFL coaches should be more aggressive on the 4th down than they frequently are. Photo by Wikimedia

In 2015 ESPN recruited him to be a sports data scientist, which he does from his home in Reston, Virginia. “I’ve got a charmed existence, for sure,” he laughed.

His career started far from campus or a football field; Burke fulfilled a childhood dream when after high school he became an F-18 Naval fighter pilot. He earned a bachelor’s in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy and after leaving the service worked for a defense contractor.

But he couldn’t help marrying his love of sports with an analytical mind. “I was talking with a coworker one day of this notion that ‘defense wins championships’ in football; people say it, but is it true?” Burke said. “You could download of data from ESPN.com in the mid 2000’s and I had a regression analysis software and decided to put in the numbers, build some models, and see what came out.”

This love of data and desire to launch his second career led him to wander into the SEOR offices in the Nguyen Engineering building one day in 2014, with no appointment. Late faculty member Andy Loerch, who also served in the military, asked if he could help Burke. The two bonded.

“From that moment on, I thought, ‘This is a great place for me,’” Burke said.

Loerch inspired Burke to enroll at George Mason and became his mentor. When he finished his program, Loerch and Ariela Sofer, then department chair, encouraged him to create a class on sports analytics as an adjunct.

Burke loves the role. “I really enjoy it and enjoy sharing what I know. You don’t know something unless you can teach it, so it forces me to nail down the basics and examine assumptions and go back to first principles.” He said he appreciates the opportunity to connect with fellow SEOR faculty members. “The creative friction when we’re together gives me great ideas.”

Topics

Big Data

data analytics

Sports Analytics

Systems Engineering and Operations Research

Adjunct Faculty

Alumni

Cyber savant hacks his way onto international team

Nathan Kahl — Tue, 03 Dec 2024 16:48:51 +0000

Cyber savant hacks his way onto international team Nathan Kahl Tue, 12/03/2024 - 11:48

Dylan Victor Knoff is president of the Mason Competitive Cyber (MCC) club, a computer science major, and the kind of self-motivated hacker you might see rummaging through Goodwill bins, in his free time looking for a $4 router that he can use to bolster his resume.

“I’ll pull it apart and take the firmware off the chip. It's good fun, responsibly and ethically doing stuff to it, of course, and then reporting vulnerabilities,” he said.

The ��AV junior likes to examine routers because they are more likely than other devices to have detectable problems. Once he finds a vulnerability, per industry practice, he reports it to the vendor and then MITRE, the nonprofit that that catalogs firmware and software problems. Getting a mention on their common vulnerabilities and exposures listing looks good professionally for young cyber sleuths.

This ambition to make the cyber world a better, safer place is a theme in Knoff’s life. First, he started a Capture the Flag (CTF) team during high school, and then he attended a university cyber club while still a teen. When the Orlando native and first-gen college student could have chosen the local University of Central Florida, instead he left home for George Mason, recognizing the university’s prowess in the field and the benefit of being close to potential employers in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan region. Knowing that breaking into cybersecurity is no Mickey Mouse endeavor, shortly after arriving in Fairfax he networked with the Battelle intern coordinator and subsequently landed a paid, full-time co-op with the STEM giant.

When he's not hacking routers, Knoff enjoys Shenandoah National Park

Knoff is on the U.S. Cyber Team and in October competed at the International Cybersecurity Challenge in Santiago, Chile. He said, “We competed against other countries’ teams in a two-day CTF, where one day was attack-and-defend, and the second day was on vulnerability assessment and exploit development.”

Knoff’s research focus is reverse engineering and vulnerability research. “I'll find something wrong with a specific device or framework and I'll find a ‘zero day,’ which is a vulnerability that is unknown to the vendor, and then I'll disclose it to them,” he said, indicating the standard industry practice.

For next year’s DistrictCon, a hacker conference in Washington, D.C., in February, Knoff and two members of MCC participated in the Junkyard Contest, where participants find vulnerabilities in devices; they discovered a stunning eight zero days on one router.

Knoff is giving a separate talk at the conference, on return-oriented programming, a way that hackers can get into a system by reusing code that already exists in a program. “I made this tool that utilizes computer emulation to analyze and visualize the memory side effects of elements that make up a return-oriented attack. Using data aggregation, these elements are then sorted based on their exploitation effects and made easily searchable to an operator.” He made the tool open source, available to anyone on GitHub, and is releasing an updated version the day of the talk.

On rare days when he’s not at a keyboard, Knoff enjoys getting outside, especially for a hike. “I love going to Shenandoah with my friends, doing Old Rag and White Oak,” he said, referencing two of the more popular—and challenging—Shenandoah National Park trails.

Currently he’s entertaining offers for two new co-ops, with the hopes of potentially spinning one of those into full-time employment. And whether scaling digital peaks or the rugged trails of Shenandoah, Knoff will find himself climbing…toward discovery and solutions in a safer cyber world.

Topics

Cyber Security

Mason Competitive Cyber

computer science

Tech Talent Investment Program (TTIP)

Students

AI on call: George Mason and Fairfax County dial up emergency response

Nathan Kahl — Mon, 25 Nov 2024 13:26:41 +0000

AI on call: George Mason and Fairfax County dial up emergency response Nathan Kahl Mon, 11/25/2024 - 08:26

In This Story

Karina Korostelina

Paul Houser

Hemant Purohit

When you have a dire emergency you want help from wherever you can get it. Even if it’s from an AI voice assistant.

��AV received a grant of nearly $1 million from the National Institute of Standards and Technology for enhancing emergency response, specifically using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve training and other capabilities of the emergency communication systems in Northern Virginia. The funding was made possible through the efforts of Congressman Gerry Connolly, who sponsored the proposal.

“As we strive to improve our emergency preparedness and response capabilities, it is absolutely critical that we recognize the potential of new and emerging technologies—including AI,” said Connolly. “By utilizing this technology safely and effectively in our public safety systems, we can reduce response times, lighten the workload for 911 call centers and first responders, and better communicate with the community during emergency situations. I am so proud to have secured this important funding, and I look forward to seeing these federal dollars put to good use for the betterment of all of us who call Fairfax County home.”

This work will be performed by George Mason’s transdisciplinary Center for Resilient and Sustainable Communities (C-RASC) team. “This work is only possible by engaging a unique transdisciplinary team representing three different colleges, toward enhancing emergency communications resiliency and effectiveness with AI,” said Paul Houser, C-RASC executive director. “We thank Congressman Connolly and the George Mason transdisciplinary vision for the realization of this project, and look forward to making a difference in Fairfax emergency management and beyond.”

Linton Wells II, executive advisor to the Center for Resilient and Sustainable Communities and to the C5I Center at George Mason, said that the university is actively engaged with the Fairfax County Department of Public Safety and Communications (Fairfax County’s 9-1-1 Center), as well as other emergency management organizations.

Fairfax County's 9-1-1 center receives around 400,000 emergency calls annually. Photo provided by Fairfax County

“We talked to public safety officials around Fairfax and the most receptive entity was the 9-1-1 call center,” he said. “We were invited to join operators on the call center floor and observe them taking calls and dispatching people, which was very impressive. They really are interested in training and would like to spend more time talking to the community about what they do.”

Wells added that AI can improve public safety effectiveness in numerous ways.

“It could help reduce delays in processing calls, enhance caller experiences, and improve dispatching efficiency, for example. The plan is to begin by using it to improve training, which is an excellent place to get immediate gains and learn more about how it best can be used.”

George Mason will work with local communities to make citizens more aware of what’s being done in emergency preparedness and will provide feedback to public safety officials. The technology can also help officials interpret public sentiment as a disaster is occurring, supporting another goal of the project, which is to improve stakeholder engagement and enhancing support to underserved communities.

Karina V. Korostelina, professor and director of the Sustainable Peace Lab at the Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution, said that the university will work with local officials on further outreach and communication efforts in support of the project.

“Our task is to create a systemic community engagement plan that involves Neighborhood and Community Services, Immigration Services, Fairfax County Public Schools and libraries in educating community members about the use of 911 and the role of AI," Korostelina said. "We also will conduct multiple focus groups and townhalls to understand community concerns and facilitate participatory approaches to the improvement of public safety and communications." Her team, which includes PhD student and a post-doc, will implement cutting-edge practices of co-creation and community empowerment to enhance collaboration between communities and government agencies in Fairfax.

Other project investigators from C-RASC and CEC include Kathryn Laskey, professor emerita of Systems Engineering and Operations Research, and Hemant Purohit, associate professor of Information Sciences and Technology, who will closely work with a CEC doctoral student and industry partners to design an AI assistant to enable personalized conversation-based training for call-takers to go through various real-world scenarios at their own pace while accounting for complexities such as varying incident descriptions and multilingual callers.

“Since 9-1-1’s inception in 1968, voice communication has been the cornerstone of 9-1-1 emergency services,” said Andrew Clarke, assistant director of operations in the Department of Public Safety Communications, Fairfax County 9-1-1. “However, with the rise of smartphones, smart homes, and AI, our community has moved beyond traditional voice-based interaction.”

Clarke said this new partnership with George Mason will allow Fairfax County to reimagine workflows, not just improving service, but setting a new benchmark for community engagement. "We are transforming the 9-1-1 landscape to ensure we are as innovative and forward-thinking as the technologies that surround us today.”

Topics

Center for Resilient and Sustainable Communities

Artificial Intellgence

Research

National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST

George Mason REACHes for regional health policy solutions

Nathan Kahl — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 15:53:52 +0000

George Mason REACHes for regional health policy solutions Nathan Kahl Fri, 11/01/2024 - 11:53

As the planet’s climate shifts, so too does the health of its inhabitants. Rising temperatures, wildfires, and worsening air quality are environmental and public health concerns.

With a new $3.69 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Research and Engagement for Action in Climate and Health (REACH) Center is set to tackle the urgent intersection of climate change and public health in the nation’s capital. ��AV is part of a team of institutions working on environmental health innovation that includes George Washington University (GWU), Howard University (HU), and the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). The REACH Center will be directed by Susan Anenberg, professor and chair of the Milken Institute School of Public Health at GWU.

Jim Kinter, director of the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies and the Virginia Climate Center (VCC) at George Mason, sits on the REACH internal advisory board. VCC's interdisciplinary team of Mason experts conduct research on Virginia’s vulnerability and risks to the impacts of climate change in order to provide local decision makers with actionable climate information.

“Climate change is having negative impacts on public health, and projected future climate changes will only exacerbate those effects, most acutely felt in underserved communities," said Kinter. "The REACH Center serves a vital role in making data and information more accessible, more effective, and more useful for conducting research and co-producing equitable solutions to advance public health resilience. With George Mason experts working across several disciplines, the center has a unique and powerful capability to transform research and applications in public health, and the emphasis on community engagement will help translate findings into practical solutions.”

Lucas Henneman, an assistant professor in the Sid and Reva Dewberry Department of Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering at George Mason, is leading a research project within the center studying climate policy in Washington, D.C. He’ll look at congestion pricing—charging a toll for vehicles traveling into a central part of the city—and the impacts on air pollution and local health. The D.C. government previously showed interest in such policies, and Henneman is working with researchers at George Mason and GWU along with a transportation advocacy group called Greater Greater Washington, who have deep ties in the D.C. government and interested community groups.

“The big thrust is that there's all this useful data out there that can be used to better protect public health from impacts of climate change," said Henneman, "but how do we make that data useful to stakeholders like researchers, community groups, and local governments?”

The co-location of these entities in the Washington, D.C., region allows them to work with the federal and regional governments, as well as other experts in public health and big data. The REACH Center will also look broadly at the implication of health and climate data.

“How do you process air pollution and public health information in a way that can be useful for different stakeholders,” said Henneman. “In D.C., for example, you have wards, neighborhoods, and census tracts, and you might have different amounts of data in each of those geographies and different stakeholders would want to see information about their locations. So, how do we interpret the outcome of a policy on these different geographic boundaries?”

Daniel Tong, director of George Mason's Cooperative Institute of Satellite and Earth System Studies, is co-directing REACH’s Exposure Assessment Core. He gave an example of how even far-flung incidents can affect local populations, and why it’s important to understand this impact. “Rising temperature and droughts bring more wildfire smoke and every-day air pollution to cities like Washington, D.C.," said Tong, who is also an an associate professor in the College of Science. "It is critical to measure how these changes harm people’s health. The exposure core will leverage George Mason’s world-renowned expertise in atmospheric and climate sciences to support health researchers and practitioners to understand these impacts.”

Jenna Krall, an associate professor in George Mason's College of Public Health, also brings expertise to the project, further emphasizing the interdisciplinary aspects.

The NIH Climate Change and Health Initiative (CCHI) funded 16 new exploratory research centers in September, including the REACH Center. These centers will support the development of innovative transdisciplinary research into the complex impacts of climate change on health.

Henneman noted that, in the long-run, this could mean more opportunities for George Mason researchers to study how regulations can consider the intersection of climate change and health.

In This Story

Lucas Henneman

Jenna Krall, PhD

Learn more about the Virginia Climate Center

Topics

Public Health

environmental engineering

Climate Change

climate policy

National Institutes of Health

Research

College of Science

College of Public Health

College of Engineering and Computing

Strategic Direction

CEIE Success Stories

George Mason KEEN on new teaching mindsets

Nathan Kahl — Fri, 25 Oct 2024 13:45:14 +0000

George Mason KEEN on new teaching mindsets Nathan Kahl Fri, 10/25/2024 - 09:45

In This Story

Girum Urgessa

Engineering Unleashed

Engineering Unleashed is a site where KEEN members share knowledge, creating “cards” where they publish projects and ideas. The following cards from George Mason faculty are on the site.

Entrepreneurially Minded Learning in a New Civil Engineering Elective Course: Part I – Boom!, by Girum Urgessa

Campus Navigator Project for freshmen students, by Humaira Akhtari

��AV’s College of Engineering and Computing (CEC) is making the most of its membership in KEEN (Kern Entrepreneurial Engineering Network), a nationwide network of 66 institutions, which it joined in December 2023.

Girum Urgessa, professor of civil engineering in the Sid and Reva Dewberry Department of Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering, and Director of Student Leadership and Success, is the school’s KEEN lead. His first step as a KEEN evangelist was meeting with all nine departments. “We discussed the benefits for our faculty, our student body, and our college,” he said.

Urgessa (right) at an Engineering Unleashed faculty development workshop. Photo provided.

KEEN’s goal is “instilling the entrepreneurial mindset in 100 percent of undergraduate engineering and computing students,” specifically focusing on a learning framework called the ‘3 C’s’: curiosity, connections, and creating value. When instilling KEEN elements into instruction, faculty don’t need to develop new courses but rather rethink their teaching approach.

“Faculty can be intentional about fostering curiosity, making connections, and getting students to integrate information from different sources in meaningful ways,” said Urgessa. “And whether through a classroom exercise or a co-curricular activity, we need engineering and computing students to think about creating personal or societal value in a larger context.”

Several CEC faculty attended three of KEEN’s 2024 summer workshops, fully paid for by the Kern Family Foundation, which launched KEEN. Urgessa calls these workshops a “gold standard,” helping faculty enhance teaching skills and elevate activities beyond the classroom, such as undergraduate research and student club engagement.

The KEEN Entrepreneurially Minded Learning Framework. Photo courtesy KEEN.

“The most common feedback I get from faculty is, ‘How can I incorporate and measure mindset learning?’” said Urgessa. “A great thing about KEEN is that there are already approved learning outcomes for this. One of my favorite outcomes is to ‘persist through and learn from failure.’ So when teaching, I can incorporate a problem where students fail several times before arriving at a final solution or design, but I intentionally allow time for them to learn from these repeated failures and reflect.”

To ensure full KEEN integration, CEC established the inaugural Mason KEEN Faculty Learning Community, a group of eight faculty from several departments who have attended KEEN workshops or conferences and meet monthly to share classroom implementation experiences.

By joining KEEN, CEC faculty are supporting students who are prepared to enter the workforce and are ready to make positive contributions in a rapidly changing world.

Topics

Engineering Education

Learning Communities

entrepreneurship

Students

How nano roughness could smooth out clotting risks

Nathan Kahl — Thu, 05 Sep 2024 18:39:25 +0000

How nano roughness could smooth out clotting risks Nathan Kahl Thu, 09/05/2024 - 14:39

When doctors and medical technicians place a device in the human body, any number of things can go wrong. Ensuring the materials used in those devices interact appropriately and safely with human tissue is a key component to positive long-term health outcomes.

Ketul Popat, chair bioengineering department.
Photo by Office of University Branding

Ketul Popat, chair of the ��AV Department of Bioengineering and a medical materials expert, has a grant from the National Institutes of Health for approximately $200,000 to address an unintended consequence of device implementation—blood clots.

As many as 6% of the more-than one million Americans who have a stent or heart valve implanted each year face a risk of thrombosis, a potentially deadly condition occurring when a clot blocks a blood vessel. For Popat and his collaborators, it’s not just about what the material is made of, but the nature of the very surface of the material.

But Popat said, “Sometimes we just put materials in the body because they work, knowing they are going to fail in several years and we’ll replace them. So it becomes really important to design the surface of the material of an implant so that when it is in contact with tissue, it is not a mismatch to the structural features of the tissue.”

Our blood’s ability to clot is generally a welcomed response, preventing excessive bleeding following an injury and helping to start and speed the healing process. Of course, this characteristic can also be problematic, resulting in clots that can lead to strokes, heart attacks, and other dangers.

A depiction of a stent in a vein. iStock photo

Popat believes a way to decrease clotting that may occur because of the devices is with surface manipulation, tricking the blood cells, in a sense. “Rough surfaces have different clotting properties than smooth surfaces. Now if we can create rough surfaces that are systematic and repeatable, the cells in the blood will sense these nano features and perform their function differently than if they move past a flat surface.” Popat says he and colleagues believe the nano rough surfaces work well at reducing blood clots because blood cells are used to it–surfaces of the blood vessels they flow through have a similar nanostructure.

Microscopic image of titania nanotubes on the surface of titanium, each measuring approximately 100 nanometers across. Photo provided

In addition to manipulating the surface material, the researchers are coating them with a substance tanfloc, a condensed tannin that is typically used for water purification. Previous studies show that the combination of these techniques–rough nanosurfaces covered in tanfloc–reduces the likelihood of blood clots.

The unpredictability of clotting makes this research particularly important, especially in a world where approximately 20 million people die every year due to cardiovascular disease.

“Some people get a stent, and they are fine for the rest of their lives, and some people get a stent and in the first few years they experience blood clotting. It’s very patient-specific, and unfortunately you just don’t know until you put it in,” Popat said.

Popat said the goal goes beyond simply preventing the clots. “Eventually, we want the cells around the stent to grow on top of the stent and over it. We don’t just want to control clotting, but we also want the stent to truly integrate with, and become part of, the body.”

Check out Bioengineering at George Mason

In This Story

Ketul Popat

Topics

Cybersecurity Honors College student ready to hit the ground running

Nathan Kahl — Mon, 12 Aug 2024 17:59:19 +0000

Cybersecurity Honors College student ready to hit the ground running Nathan Kahl Mon, 08/12/2024 - 13:59

Jose Perez starts at ��AV this fall, majoring in Cyber Security Engineering and participating in the Honors College. But the Falls Church, Virginia native feels like he’s already a student, in a way.

“I’m familiar with so many of the faculty at this point because I participated in the Early Identification Program—I’ve been coming here for summer events since as early as 8th grade,” he said. “I’ve already formed a sense of community here. And as an International Baccalaureate student, I had college-level work for two years and so have decent academic preparation.”

He describes himself as a “STEM kid from the get-go,” and participated in cybersecurity-related extracurriculars in high school. “For me, it’s the best cross between raw engineering and computer science.” Being part of Meridian High School’s Cyber Patriots team exposed him to the challenges and opportunities in computer science.

Perez took part in the First Robotics Competition in high school. Photo provided

He burnished his high school resume with a lot of extracurriculars: He was the lead engineer on a Science Olympiad team, participated in George Mason’s Youth Research Council, volunteered for Habitat for Humanity, and was a four-year participant in the urban farm project at his school.

Perez is the child of immigrants from the Philippines—both his parents are nurses—and he recognizes that opportunities presented here at George Mason will allow him a great path toward upward mobility that he might not have at other institutions, especially being able to save money while living at home. “I knew I would be happy here and get what I need, especially because I feel like I've already formed a sense of community here.”

He’s ready and excited for what new changes are in place. “I’m aware of the new amount of freedom and responsibility I’ll have as a college student. I’ll just be prepared to take that on. I’m trying to push myself to do a lot this first semester and I’m part of the Global Gateway and will be going to Korea in my second semester. It will be a great way to throw myself in there.”

Topics

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