Associate Professor, Schar School of Policy and Government
Contact Information
Fairfax Campus, Aquia Building, Room 326
4400 University Drive
Fairfax, VA 22030
MSN: 3F4
Biography
Michael A. HunzekerĚýis an associate professor at ŃÇÖŢAV’s Schar School of Policy and Government, the associate director of the Schar School’s Center for Security Policy Studies, and a Senior Non-Resident Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. His work on deterrence, military adaptation, and war termination has appeared inĚýSecurity Studies, theĚýJournal of Strategic Studies,ĚýPS: Politics and Political Science,ĚýParameters,ĚýDefense One, Foreign Policy, War on the RocksĚý˛ą˛Ô»ĺĚýtheĚýRUSI Journal. Michael recently published a book on wartime learning,ĚýDying to Learn: Wartime Lessons from the Western FrontĚýwith Cornell University Press. He has also coauthored monographs on conventional deterrence in northeastern Europe and the Taiwan Strait. Michael served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 2000–2006 and holds an A.B. from the University of California, Berkeley as well as a Ph.D., M.P.A., and A.M. from Princeton University.
Curriculum Vitae
View Michael Hunzeker's CV
Associate Professor
Schar School of Policy and Government ŃÇÖŢAV
(760) 470-7044
mhunzeke@gmu.edu
EDUCATION
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton, NJ
Doctor of Philosophy in Politics and Public Policy
November 2013
Fields: International Relations, Comparative Politics, and International Security
Dissertation: “Perfecting War: The Organizational Sources of Doctrinal °äłó˛ą˛Ô˛µ±đ”
Committee: Professors Aaron Friedberg (chair), Ezra Suleiman, Stephen Rosen (Harvard), and Edward Erickson (MCU)
Master of Arts in Public Affairs
February 2011
Master in Public Affairs
June 2008
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY, College of Letters and Science, Berkeley, CA
Bachelor of Arts
May 2000
Highest Honors (Political Science), Phi Beta Kappa
Thesis: “The International Criminal Tribunal in Rwanda: Legalism and its ´ˇ±ôłŮ±đ°ů˛Ô˛ąłŮľ±±ą±đ˛ő”
EXPERIENCE
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
August 2022 – Present
Schar School of Policy and Government, Fairfax, VA ~
Produce rigorous, policy-relevant international security research; Teach B.A, M.A. and Ph.D.-level courses on international relations and international security.
- Research
- Testified as an expert witness on Taiwanese defense readiness before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Congressional Commission
- Published a peer reviewed book with Cornell University Press’ prestigious Cornell Studies in Security Affairs series
- Published peer reviewed policy monographs with the Strategic Studies Institute and the Center for Security Policy Studies
- Published peer reviewed research in Security Studies, the Journal of Strategic Studies, the European Journal of International Security, the RUSI Journal, Parameters, and PS: Political Science and Politics
- Received a research grant as the Principal Investigator from the Smith Richardson Foundation to study the long- term impact of a cross-Strait conflict on America’s extended deterrence posture in East Asia
- Served as a Co-Investigator on a grant from the Taiwan Economic and Cultural Representative Office, which provided funding for an East Asian security course within the Schar School
- Awarded a research grant as the Principal Investigator from the Taiwan Economic and Cultural Representative Office to study Taiwan’s conventional deterrence posture
- Received funding from the U.S. Army’s Strategic Studies Institute to write a policy monograph on the future of conventional deterrence in Northeastern Europe
- Awarded a book-writing fellowship from the Smith Richardson Foundation
- Received the U.S. Army War College’s Elihu Root Prize for best scholarly article on the strategic impact of military landpower
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- Teaching
- Developed and taught graduate-level seminars on international relations, international security, security studies andĚýU.S. security policy (with Michael Gordon of the Wall Street Journal)
- Developed and taught upper-division undergraduate lecture courses on international security and U.S. security policy
- Developed and led Ph.D.-level directed reading courses on military innovation, military effectiveness, conventional deterrence, national security decision making, and comparative foreign policy
- Served on (12) Ph.D. dissertation committees
- Designed and ran a simulation on nuclear escalation for the NATO Defense College in Rome, Italy
- Created and led a range of novel policy simulations for classroom and extracurricular use, including competitive strategy making; inadvertent escalation in East Asia; nuclear escalation in Northeastern Europe; crisis management in the Taiwan Strait; regime collapse in North Korea; and military decision making during the Vietnam War
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- Service
- Served as the Associate Director for the school’s Center for Security Policy Studies (2017 – Present)
- Served as the Interim Director for the school’s Center for Security Policy Studies (2016 – 2017). Accomplishments include increasing affiliated faculty by 60%; updating the Center’s website; completing the Center’s re-charter; expanding student programming; and conducting outreach to the Department of Defense and multiple think tanks
- Served as the Director of Student Programs (2015 – 2016). Accomplishments include creating and leading a student fellows program, a simulation program, a leadership tour of the Gettysburg battlefield series, a defense research forum, and a monthly distinguished speaker series
- Selected as a member of the Faculty Advisory Board, Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy and International Security (2017 – Present)
- Served as the undergraduate minor advisor for the international security minor program (2015 – present)
- Served as a peer reviewer for International Security, Security Studies, Oxford University Press, and War on the Rocks
POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW & LECTURER, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
November 2013 – August 2015
Princeton School of Public & International Affairs, Princeton, NJ
Created and led the school’s capstone policy simulations for first-year M.P.A. students. Taught a course on defense policy and co-taught a graduate course on the politics of public policy with Professors Andrew Moravcsik and Grigore Pop-Eleches.
- Designed and led two-week capstone policy simulations for 65 master’s degree students, including “Global Planning for Pandemic Flu” (December 2013) and “Crisis in East Asia” (December 2014)
- Organized a seminar on women in security and defense featuring the former Undersecretary of Defense for Policy Michèle Flournoy
- Coordinated with experts from the House Armed Services Committee, the Office of Net Assessment, the World Bank, National Defense University, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a current Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, a former Assistant Secretary of Defense and the former Chief Executive Officer of Merck to assist with simulation design and implementation
- Designed and taught a graduate seminar on defense policy, covering civil-military relations, sexual assault, post-traumatic stress disorder, budgeting, acquisitions, missile defense, nuclear doctrine, and Total Force Policy
CONTRACTOR
October 2013 – Present
American Academy for Strategy Education (AASE), Washington, D.C.
Organized simulations, seminars and lectures on net assessment, strategic planning and crisis management.
- Designed and led proprietary strategy simulations for mid-career foreign policy officials
- Coordinated speakers from the Office of Net Assessment, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Naval War College
- Planned and attended multi-day dialogues held in Tokyo and Washington, D.C. for academics, intelligence officials and military officers from Japan and the United States
DIRECTOR, STRATEGIC EDUCATION INITIATIVE, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
January 2010 – June 2012
Center for International Security Studies (CISS), Princeton, NJ
Created and led CISS’ student programs, including a series of simulations.
- Proposed, organized, and led the Strategic Education Initiative under Professors Aaron Friedberg and G. John Ikenberry
- Designed and ran a series of day-long simulations, including “Loose Nukes in Pakistan” (2011), “Regime Collapse in Syria” (2011) and “Long Term Competition in East Asia” (2012)
- Developed, implemented and managed a student fellows program, a battlefield study program and a speaker series
- Planned and co-led a week-long battlefield study of Operation Overlord in Normandy, France
MAJOR, UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE, Various
February 2008 – February 2014
Commanded a reserve artillery battery in Philadelphia, PA and a reserve armor company in Jacksonville, FL; Attended Command and Staff College Distance Education Program in Quantico, VA.
CAPTAIN, UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS, Various
October 2004 – August 2006
Led, trained, and developed active duty, combat arms Marines as an ŃÇÖŢAV Officer (March 2005 – August 2006) and as a Company Commanding Officer of 200 Marines and 40 armored fighting vehicles (October 2004 – March 2005).
FIRST LIEUTENANT, UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS, Various
May 2002 – October 2004
Participated in two combat deployments to Iraq. Led 55 Marines and 12 armored fighting vehicles (May 2002 – November 2003) and served as an executive officer for a provisional infantry unit of 196 Marines (November 2003 – October 2004).
SECOND LIEUTENANT, UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS, Various
May 2000 – May 2002
Completed entry-level training for new combat arms Marine officers and led a unit of 35 Marines and 12 armored fighting vehicles during a six-month deployment to East Asia.
RESEARCH AFFILIATIONS
NON-RESIDENT SENIOR FELLOW, CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS
March 2021 – Present
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, CENTER FOR SECURITY POLICY STUDIES
August 2016 – Present
NON-RESIDENT FELLOW, MODERN WAR INSTITUTE AT WEST POINT
May 2016 – May 2017
PUBLICATIONS
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BOOKS & MONOGRAPHS
Dying to Learn: Wartime Lessons from the Western Front. 2021. Cornell University Press.
Conventional Deterrence and Landpower in Northeastern Europe, (with Alexander Lanoszka). 2019. Strategic Studies Institute.
A Question of Time: Enhancing Taiwan’s Conventional Deterrence Posture (with Alexander Lanoszka, Brian Davis, Matt Fay, Erik Goepner, Joe Petrucelli and Erica Seng-White). 2018. Center for Security Policy Studies.
ARTICLES & BOOK CHAPTERS
“Taking Stock of the enhanced Forward Presence, (with Alexander Lanoszka). Survival. (Under Review).
“Detecting the Need for Change: How the British Army Adapted to Warfare on the Western Front and in the Southern Cameroons” (with Kristen Harkness). February 2021. European Journal of International Security 6 (1): 66 – 85.
“The United States as a Framework Nation” in Lessons Learned from the Enhanced Forward Presence, 2017-2020. November 2020. NATO Defense College.
“Confronting the A2AD and Precision Strike Challenge in the Baltic Region,” (with Alexander Lanoszka). October/November 2016.ĚýRoyal United Services Institute Journal 161 (5): 12 – 18.
“Landpower and American Credibility” (with Alexander Lanoszka). Winter 2015-16. Parameters 45 (4): 17 – 26.
“Rage of Honor: Entente Indignation and the Lost Chance for Peace in the First World War” (with Alexander Lanoszka). December 2015. Security Studies 24 (4): 662 – 695.
“Mechanisms of Military Maladaptation: Counterinsurgency and the Politics of Failure” (with Kristen Harkness). September 2015.ĚýJournal of Strategic Studies 38 (6): 777 – 800.
“Reserve Training and the 10% Problem” (with Steven Underwood). 2015. The Marine Corps Gazette 99 (7): 50 – 54.
“The Strategy Project: Teaching Strategic Thinking through Crisis Simulation” (with Kristen Harkness). 2014. PS: Political Science and Politics 47 (2): 513 – 517.
COMMENTARY
“Real Friends Twist Arms: Taiwan and the Case for Conditionality” (with Alexander Lanoszka). War on the Rocks. July 27, 2022.
“Six Things NATO Can Do to Help Ukraine Right Now” (with General David Deptula, Marc R. Devore, and Emma Salisbury). Foreign Policy. March 16, 2022.
“The View of Ukraine from Taiwan: Get Real About Territorial Defense” (with Admiral Lee Hsi-min). War on the Rocks. March 15, 2022.
“Preventing the Next Ukraine.” The Ripon Forum, Vol. 56, No. 1, February 2022.
“Taiwan’s Defense Reforms Are Going Off the Rails.” War on the Rocks. November 18, 2021. “Taiwan Wants Paladins. Congress Should Say No” (with Brian Davis). Defense One. August 18, 2021.
“Taiwan Wants More Missiles. That’s Not a Bad Thing” (with Alexander Lanoszka). Defense One. March 24, 2021. “America’s Far Right Isn’t Authoritarian. It’s Anti-Statist” (with Christine German). Defense One. January 14, 2021.
“The Painful, but Necessary, Next Steps in the U.S.-Taiwanese Relationship” (with Dennis L. Weng). War on the Rocks. September 24, 2020.
“The Defense Reforms Taiwan Needs” (with Brian Davis). Defense One. August 10, 2020.
“No Sure Victory: The Marines New Force Design Plan and the Politics of Implementation” (with Matthew Fay). War on the Rocks. May 14, 2020.
“National Security in an Age of Pandemics” (with Gregory Koblentz). Defense One. April 3, 2020. “It’s Time to Talk About Taiwan” (with Mark Christopher). Defense One. February 24, 2020.
“Time for Taiwan to Scrap the Indigenous Diesel Submarine” (with Joseph Petrucelli). The Diplomat. November 19, 2019. “Threading the Needle Through the Suwałki Gap” (with Alexander Lanoszka). East-West Institute. March 9, 2019.
“Taiwan Just said No to the F-35 Stealth Fighter. Now What?” (with Alexander Lanoszka). The National Interest. December 1, 2018. “Why the First World War Lasted So Long” (with Alexander Lanoszka). Monkey Cage – The Washington Post. November 11, 2018. “The Case for a Permanent U.S. Military Presence in Poland” (with Alexander Lanoszka). War on the Rocks. October 22, 2018. “Fort Trump: A Silly Name Masks a Good Idea” (with Alexander Lanoszka). Defense One. September 21, 2018.
“Insurgency and Deterrence on NATO’s Northeastern Flank” (with Alexander Lanoszka). Modern War Institute. December 22, 2016. “With All Due Respect, Mr. Trump, That’s Not How Deterrence Works” (with Alexander Lanoszka). War Is Boring. July 26, 2016. “Why the Next Great War Won’t Happen on China’s Doorstep” (with Mark Christopher). Defense One. July 11, 2014.
AWARDS, GRANTS, FELLOWSHIPS, INVITED TALKS, SELECTED CONFERENCE PAPERS & SIMULATIONS
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AWARDS
- Francis Harbour Teacher of the Year Award, Schar School of Policy and Government, ŃÇÖŢAV (2022)
- Francis Harbour Teacher of the Year Award, Schar School of Policy and Government, ŃÇÖŢAV (2017)
- Elihu Root Prize, U.S. Army War College (2016)
- Outstanding Preceptor/Lecturer Award, Princeton School of Policy & International Affairs, Princeton University (2015)
GRANTS & CONTRACTS
- 2022: Department of Defense Minerva Grant (Co-Investigator): $1,390,000
- 2022: UniKorea Foundation (Co-Investigator): $28,00
- 2021: Smith Richardson Foundation (Principal Investigator): $74,000
- 2020: Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (Co-Investigator): $50,000
- 2017: Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (Principal Investigator) $28,000
- 2016: Strategic Studies Institute External Research Associate Program (Co-Principal Investigator) $15,000
FELLOWSHIPS
- 2017: Smith Richardson Foundation Strategy and Policy Fellowship: $60,000
- 2014: Bradley Foundation Fellowship $2,750
- 2013: Princeton Prize Fellowship in the Social Sciences $73,500
- 2012: Bradley Foundation Fellowship $2,500
- 2011: Bradley Foundation Fellowship $4,900
MILITARY AWARDS AND DECORATIONS
- Naval and Marine Corps Commendation Medal (2014, 2010 & 2006)
- Naval and Marine Corps Achievement Medal (2004)
- Naval and Marine Corps Achievement Medal with Combat Device (2003)
- Combat Action Ribbon and three Sea Service Deployment Ribbons
INVITED TALKS & SYMPOSIA
“The Rise and Fall of Taiwan’s Overall Defense Concept,” 2022 Ruger Chair Workshop: Successful Failures? Learning from Failed Military Innovations,” U.S. Naval War College, Newport, RI, June 2022.
“The Ukraine-Russia Crisis: Schar Faculty Insights,” Center for Security Policy Studies, Fairfax, VA, March 2022.
“Dying to Learn: The BEF and Wartime Learning on the Western Front,” University of St. Andrews’ Institute for the Study of War and Strategy, Virtual, November 2021.
“Dying to Learn: Wartime Learning on the Western Front,” Princeton University’s Center for International Security Studies, Princeton, NJ, November 2021.
“Wartime Learning on the Western Front,” Center for Security Policy Studies’ Annual Symposium, Arlington, VA, September 2021. “Taiwan’s Threat Environment and Deterrence Posture,” 2nd Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment, July 2021.
“Taiwan’s 2021 Quadrennial Defense Review,” Global Taiwan Institute, June 2021.
“Dying to Learn: Wartime Lessons from the Western Front,” 1st Battalion, 3D Infantry Regiment, May 2021.
“Dying to Learn: Wartime Lessons from the Western Front,” American Academy for Strategic Education, April 2021.
“The U.S.-Taiwan Relationship In Biden’s First 100 Days,” Sam Houston State University, April 2021.
“Contests of Initiative: Countering China’s Grey Zone Strategy in the East and South China Seas,” (Discussant) Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota, March, 2021.
“Hearing on Deterring PRC Aggression Toward Taiwan,” U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, February 18, 2021.
“Wartime Learning: Challenges for Operational Planners,” Design and Systems Theory Course, School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, December 2020.
“The Evolution of the Threat to Taiwan,” the 2020 U.S.-Taiwan Defense Industry Conference, Online, October 2020.
“Taiwan’s Conventional Deterrence Posture,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C., November 2019.
“Defending Taiwan,” the 2019 U.S.-Taiwan Defense Industry Conference, Ellicott City, MD, October 2019. “Assessing Taiwan’s Deterrence Posture,” American Institute Taiwan, Arlington, VA, October 2019.
“The Future of U.S.-Taiwan Relations,” Politics, Diplomacy, Defense and Deterrence,” The Center for Security Policy Studies, Fairfax, VA, February 2019.
“A Question of Time: Enhancing Taiwan’s Conventional Deterrence Posture,” The Stimson Center, Washington, D.C., November 2018.
“Innovation on the Western Front,” United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, October 2017.
“Landpower and American Credibility,” National Ground Intelligence Center, United States Army, Charlottesville, VA, October 2016. “Landpower and Seapower in U.S. Alliance Strategy,” Center for Naval Analyses, Washington, D.C., September 2016.
“Landpower and American Credibility,” 157th Individual Mobilization Augmentee Detachment, United States Army, Washington, D.C., September 2016.
“Three Challenges to International Stability,” George Mason Institute of Forensics, ŃÇÖŢAV, July 2016.
“Using Simulations to Teach Public Policy,” Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, October 2015.
“Military Innovation on the Western Front,” 157th Individual Mobilization Augmentee Detachment, United States Army, Washington, D.C., August 2015.
Invited Symposia
“Second Annual Defense News Conference - Multi-Domain Warfare: Defining Battlespace Operations,” Pentagon City, VA, September 2018.
“The Asian Century: What Will It Mean for the United States,” Arlington, VA, September 2018. “National Security Scholars and Practitioners Program,” Basin Harbor, VT, June 2018.
“Mason Symposium on Issues and Concerns in International Security: Asia and Beyond,” Inchon, South Korea, May 2018. “Reassessing Deterrence in the 21st Century,” United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, November 2016.
“8th Annual National Security Scholars Conference,” Columbia University, New York City, NY, October 2016.
SELECTED CONFERENCE PAPERS
“What if Innovation is in the Error Term?” Midwest Political Science Association Annual Conference, April 2020 (Cancelled – COVID 19).
“Are Political Science Ph.D. Programs Too Passive About Teaching Active Learning?” (with Erica Seng-White), American Political Science Association Teaching and Learning Annual Conference, August 2019.
“Disentangling Ideas from Implementation: Barriers to Military Innovation Revisited,” (with Nina Kollars), International Studies Association Annual Conference, April 2018.
“Understanding the Effects of Military Innovation,” (with Kristen Harkness and Marc Devore), International Studies Association Annual Conference April 2018.
“Deterrence on NATO’s Eastern Flank: Back to the Future or Time for Something Completely Different?” (with Alexander Lanoszka), International Studies Association Annual Conference, April 2018.
“Learning (and Failing to Learn) from Failure,” (with Kristen Harkness), International Studies Association Annual Conference, February 2017.
“Wars of Future Past: How the First World War Can Help Us Prepare for Future Conflicts,” International Studies Association Annual Conference, February 2017.
“Revisiting the Honor Hypothesis of War-Fighting: The German Decision to Fight to the Finish in the First World War,” (with Alexander Lanoszka), International Security Studies Section-International Security and Arms Control Section Joint Conference, October 2015.
“Digging a Better Grave: Defensive Innovation on the Western Front,” American Political Science Association Annual Conference, August 2015.
“Honor and War Termination,” (with Alexander Lanoszka), American Political Science Association Annual Conference, August 2015.
“Rage of Honor: Explaining the Duration of the First World War,” (with Alexander Lanoszka), International Studies Association Annual Conference, March 2015.
“Using Simulations to Teach Public Policy,” Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Spring Conference, April 2014.
“The British in Cameroon: Explaining a Failure to Adapt,” (with Kristen Harkness), International Studies Association Annual Conference, March 2013.
“The Strategy Project,” American Political Science Association Teaching and Learning Annual Conference, February 2013.
CONFERENCE PANELS ORGANIZED
“The Future of Taiwanese Defense Reform: A Virtual Roundtable,” Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, June 2021.
“Is the military innovation and adaptation research program broken? Theoretical critiques and new conceptual frameworks” (with Jonathan Askonas), Midwest Political Science Association Annual Conference, April 2020 (Cancelled – COVID 19).
“Understanding the Origins and Effects of Military Innovation: A Roundtable,” Toronto, March 2019.
“RMAs, Insurgencies and Offsets: What Do We Actually Know About Military Innovation and Adaptation?” (Organized with Nina Kollars), International Studies Association Annual Conference, April 2018.
“The Maverick is Dead. Long Live the Maverick! Old Battlefields and New Frontiers in Military Innovation Studies,” International Studies Association Annual Conference, February 2017.
“The Future of American Power Projection,” International Studies Association Annual Conference, February 2017.
“100 Years On: Emerging Scholars and Scholarship on the First World War,” (Organized with Alexander Lanoszka), American Political Science Association Annual Conference, August 2014.
SIMULATIONS DESIGNED FOR CLASSROOM & EXTRACURRICULAR USE
“Crisis in East Asia: Regime Collapse in North Korea” “National Security Crisis: Conflict in the Taiwan Strait” “National Security Crisis: Great Power Competition” “Realism versus Liberalism: The Simulation”
“Grand Strategy: The Simulation” “Crisis in the East China Sea” “Managing Escalation in Europe” “North Korea: The Aftermath” “Taiwan: The Aftermath” “Managing Escalation: 2025”
COMMUNITY SERVICE & PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
COMMUNITY SERVICE
MEMBER, DEFENSE COUNCIL, TRUMAN NATIONAL SECURITY PROJECT
January 2015 – May 2018
Participated in a nationwide community of next-generation national security experts to develop and advance solutions to America’s global challenges.
TREASURER, GARRETT PARK ESTATES CITIZENS ASSOCIATION
July 2014 – May 2018
Managed finances for a civic action group representing nearly 1,800 citizens.
MEMBER, BOARD OF DIRECTORS, VETERANS CAMPAIGN
March 2009 – March 2011
Organized public service and political campaigning training seminars for transitioning veterans.
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
- American Political Science Association
- Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
- International Studies Association
TRAVEL AND LANGUAGE SKILLS
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TRAVEL
21 months abroad traveling, researching and/or living in Brunei, Canada, China, Dominica, Estonia, Finland, France, Grenada, Indonesia, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand and the United Kingdom
LANGUAGE
Four semesters of college-level Mandarin
Areas of Research
- International Security
- Wartime learning and adaptation
- Conventional deterrence
- Taiwanese defense reform